Population Density Heatmap
Population Density by Neighborhood
Percentage annual population growth (2000 - 2008)
Structures added and demolished between 2008 and 2010
Percentage of new structures between 2008 and 2010 by neighborhood
Environmental vulnerability
Stand-pipes
MDG Analysis - Indicator 1 (Overcrowding)
MDG Analysis - Indicator 2 (Tenure Security)
MDG Analysis - Indicator 3 (Durable Structures)
MDG Analysis - Indicator 4 (Access to Safe Water)
MDG Analysis - Indicator 5 (Access to Improved Sanitation)
MDG Analysis - Overall Ranking
Density measures how many people there are living in each hectare. Cacuaco has a high average population density: 17 people per hectare – a hectare is a little smaller than the size of a football field. Because there is a large amount of open and agricultural land in Cacuaco, the average population density is much lower than in areas where there is a lot of housing. In these areas, density may be higher than 300 people per hectare.
Density measures how many people there are living in each hectare. Cacuaco has a high average population density: 17 people per hectare – a hectare is a little smaller than the size of a football field. Because there is a large amount of open and agricultural land in Cacuaco, the average population density is much lower than in areas where there is a lot of housing. In these areas, density may be higher than 300 people per hectare.
Some areas of the city are growing faster than others. Cacuaco added more than 850,000 residents between 2000 and 2008. The population increased at an annual rate of 28.8%. In fact, Cacuaco had the second highest annual rate of growth in Luanda after Viana, where the annual rate is 42.8%.
This map shows where new buildings have been constructed and where buildings have been demolished between 2008 and 2010. This map was created by Development Workshop using satellite imagery of Luanda to locate the rooftops of buildings. Patterns of construction and demolition were documented by comparing satellite images from 2008 and 2010.
Development Workshop created a map of the buildings in Luanda. The map shows where new buildings have been constructed and where buildings have been demolished between 2008 and 2010. In the last few years, most new houses are being constructed in the eastern areas of Cacuaco.
As open land has become scarce, some residents have built housing near vulnerable areas such as lagoons, gullies, and streams that often flood. There are 53940 houses in these areas of risk in Cacuaco.
Few residents in Cacuaco have access to the public piped water system, so many obtain water at stand-pipes. Development Workshop is in the process of working with residents to map the locations of stand-pipes. This map will be updated once the survey has been completed.
Areas of Luanda have varying characteristics as a result of differences in street alignments, building types and materials, levels of housing tenure, and access to services and infrastructure. Using satellite photography and on-the-ground observation, Development Workshop created a map of 11 settlement typologies. The majority of Luanda residents live in musseques. The most common category of musseque – old musseques – have 2.3 million residents. There are 165,000 people living in the old urban centre and 240,000 residents in rural settlements.
Development Workshop conducted household surveys throughout Luanda in order to rank the 11 settlement typologies in regards to physical conditions in the city that support or are a barrier to achieving the Millennium Development Goals.
The results of the survey are displayed in these MDG maps. The maps indicate the locations in the city where different service and infrastructure improvements are needed and the relative challenges of implementing these upgrades.
Population density varies greatly throughout Luanda at a very fine-grain scale. Even within a square-hectare area, densities may vary. Where densities are high, the need is greater for services and infrastructure. The potential for health risks increases with higher densities too. Generally, densities are high in the older areas of the city. Some musseques near the old urban centre have a population density of over 500 people per hectare.
Development Workshop conducted household surveys throughout Luanda in order to rank the 11 settlement typologies in regards to physical conditions in the city that support or are a barrier to achieving the Millennium Development Goals.
The results of the survey are displayed in these MDG maps. The maps indicate the locations in the city where different service and infrastructure improvements are needed and the relative challenges of implementing these upgrades.
This indicator measures both the level of tenure of housing by residents in the settlement typology and the degree to which public infrastructure can be installed given the condition of roads and rights of way. Old and peripheral musseques as well as rural settlements require reorganization before services can be installed, and residents in these areas face higher risks of eviction if tenure is not secure.
Development Workshop conducted household surveys throughout Luanda in order to rank the 11 settlement typologies in regards to physical conditions in the city that support or are a barrier to achieving the Millennium Development Goals.
The results of the survey are displayed in these MDG maps. The maps indicate the locations in the city where different service and infrastructure improvements are needed and the relative challenges of implementing these upgrades.
This indicator measures whether residents live in a settlement typology where housing is structurally stable and safe from wind and rain. Materials such as corrugated iron are indicators of limited financial resources.
Development Workshop conducted household surveys throughout Luanda in order to rank the 11 settlement typologies in regards to physical conditions in the city that support or are a barrier to achieving the Millennium Development Goals.
The results of the survey are displayed in these MDG maps. The maps indicate the locations in the city where different service and infrastructure improvements are needed and the relative challenges of implementing these upgrades.
This indicator measures whether residents live in a settlement typology where they have access to clean water. The majority of residents in Luanda obtain drinking water through the informal market. Water from the informal market is both expensive and not from safe water supplies.
Development Workshop conducted household surveys throughout Luanda in order to rank the 11 settlement typologies in regards to physical conditions in the city that support or are a barrier to achieving the Millennium Development Goals.
The results of the survey are displayed in these MDG maps. The maps indicate the locations in the city where different service and infrastructure improvements are needed and the relative challenges of implementing these upgrades.
This indicator measures whether residents live in a settlement typology where they have access to sanitation facilities. Luanda's sewage system only has coverage in the old urban centre. Some new planned developments also have sewage system. In most areas of Luanda, residents use septic tanks or pit latrines. Access to sanitation is inadequate in peripheral musseques and rural settlements.
Development Workshop conducted household surveys throughout Luanda in order to rank the 11 settlement typologies in regards to physical conditions in the city that support or are a barrier to achieving the Millennium Development Goals.
The results of the survey are displayed in these MDG maps. The maps indicate the locations in the city where different service and infrastructure improvements are needed and the relative challenges of implementing these upgrades.
This ranking is an average of the five Millennium Development Goals indicators. The higher the ranking, the more likely the area is in need of service and infrastructure improvements. In settlement typologies with a ranking of 3, a combination of these factors creates conditions in which residents are exposed to a high level of environmental vulnerability.
Structures Added 2008 - 2010
Structures Demolished 2008 - 2010
Score:
1 - Low Density (Less than 100 people per hectare.)
2 - Medium Density (100 to 300 people per hectare.)
3 - High Density (More than 300 people per hectare.)
Score:
1 - Organized / Planned Settlements (Planned areas with allowances for public infrastructure and secure or provisional tenure.)
2 - Upgradable Settlements (Organized musseques with aligned streets where public infrastructure could be installed.)
3 - Unorganized Settlements (Settlements with unorganized urban layout that is difficult to upgrade with urban services; these need reorganization before installment of service infrastructure.)
Score:
1 - Ceramic Bricks and Tiles, Cement Blocks (The most expensive materials traditionally used in high-rise buildings in the city centre.)
2 - Adobe, Wood, Corrugated Iron (If well-maintained, provides sufficient protection from wind and rain.)
3 - Pau-a-pique, Corrugated Iron (for building), Thatch Roof (Pau-a-pique is a traditional mixture of wood and clay, but rarely used today because of lack of wood.)
Score:
1 - Connection to Public Water Pipes (Households obtain water through piped connections to the formal water supply network.)
2 - Public Water Taps / Manual Pumps (Households obtain water through water taps or standpipes.)
3 - No access to safe water (Households obtain water through the informal market, including purchasing water from cistern trucks, private taps or tanks, bottled water, or unprotected wells.)
Score:
1 - Connection to Sewage System and Regular Waste Collection (Household connected to sewage system, which has limited coverage in the old city centre; waste removal services at least once a week.)
2 - Septic Tanks / Improved Dry Pit Latrines and Irregular Waste Collection (Households has septic tank or pit latrine, which in Luanda are considered improved sanitation facilities; communal rubbish deposits are irregularly cleared by waste removal trucks.)
3 - Inadequate / No Facilities and No Waste Services (Households access sanitation facilities at uncovered pit latrines or public latrines; no waste collection and waste is disposed of by residents by burying or burning it.)
Typologies:
Owner-built on Planned Sites
New Suburbs and Condominiums
Cacuaco is growing everyday as people move to Luanda and come to the area to find employment and housing. The arrival of so many new people influences what kinds of housing are available, what streets are like, and whether people face physical risks.
(Source: Development Workshop Survey, 2012)
Cacuaco Atlas Survey
In 2012, the Forum surveyed 1,461 households in Cacuaco about basic services and the conditions of the built environment. The results of the survey are presented in the Cacuaco Atlas along with other data collected by Development Workshop.
Population
Cacuaco is located north-east of the center of the city and has about 970,000 residents, making it the fourth most populous municipality in Luanda after Viana, Cazenga, and Kilambi Kiaxi. However, population estimates of Cacuaco differ. These differences have major implications in regards to the levels of basic services that need to be provided.
Luanda Population 2008-2010
Cacuaco grew especially rapidly during the decade between 2000 and 2008. The current need for services are high because most of the new residents in Cacuaco settled in areas without infrastructure.
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Water
Gaps in public services result in high prices for water for residents. Nearly 20% dof residents have public water service in Cacuaco. In a focus group discussion, residents said that 95% of households pay more than the real price of 5 kwanza for a 20-liter container.
There are 51 stand-pipes in Cacuaco and the municipal government operates seven tanker trucks to deliver water. However, the trucks have frequent breakdowns.
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Sanitation
Lack of sanitation facilities in Cacuaco leads to high levels of water-borne disease. About 17% of households have a connection to a sewer system. This is less than the proportion of households with sewer connections in Luanda as a whole. When there is a lack of sewer connections, open spaces, gullies, and streams are utilized for sanitation. Eight percent of households have no access to sanitation facilities at all.
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Waste
Waste collection in Cacuaco is infrequent. About 13% of households said waste is regularly collected, compared to 81% of households in Luanda as a whole. Waste collection at the market in Kicolo, which generates a large amount of rubbish, is also irregular. Rubbish collection is important because it addresses the health impacts of solid waste on many fronts: in the home, at work, and in pubic spaces in the city.
%HH Solid Waste - Cucuaco
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Housing
As more people move to Cacuaco, housing becomes crowded. The average population density – the number of people per acre – is 17, which is lower than the average density of 25 people per hectare for Luanda. However, because there is open and agricultural land in Cacuaco, the average density does not reflect the actual densities in the most crowded areas – where the density may be more than 300 per hectare.
Luanda = 25 People / Hectare
Cacuaco = 17 People / Hectare
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Education
About a third of school-age children in Cacuaco are not attending school. Residents said that the top reason for their children not attending school is that the cost of education is too high.
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Health
A very high proportion of households reported occurrences of malaria and fever in Cacuaco. Almost half of the households have had an occurrence of malaria. While malaria prevention is highly publicized in Cacuaco, about 39% of households make use of mosquito nets.
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